In enterprise systems running SAP, authorization objects play a crucial role in controlling what users can access and perform. While transactions allow users to start programs, authorization objects control what actions users are allowed to execute within those programs.
SAP Security consultants frequently work with authorization objects when designing roles in PFCG, troubleshooting errors using SU53, or analyzing access risks in SAP Governance, Risk, and Compliance within systems such as SAP S/4HANA.
Below are 40 critical authorization objects every SAP Security consultant should understand, along with practical examples.
Financial Accounting Authorization Objects
1. F_BKPF_BUK
Controls posting authorization by company code.
Example:
BUKRS = 1000
ACTVT = 01
User can post financial documents only for company code 1000.
2. F_BKPF_KOA
Controls account type authorization.
Example:
KOART = D (Customer)
3. F_BKPF_GSB
Controls business area authorization.
4. F_LFA1_APP
Controls vendor master maintenance approval.
Example scenario: Vendor creation approval process.
5. F_KNA1_APP
Controls customer master maintenance approval.
6. F_LFA1_BUK
Controls vendor access by company code.
7. F_KNA1_BUK
Controls customer access by company code.
8. F_GL_ACC
Controls G/L account authorization.
Materials Management Authorization Objects
9. M_BEST_EKO
Controls purchasing organization access.
Example:
EKORG = 3000
User can create purchase orders only for purchasing org 3000.
10. M_BEST_WRK
Controls plant access for purchasing.
11. M_MATE_WRK
Controls material master authorization by plant.
12. M_MATE_STA
Controls material master status.
13. M_MSEG_BWA
Controls goods movement type authorization.
Example:
BWART = 101
14. M_RECH_WRK
Controls invoice verification by plant.
15. M_EINK_FRG
Controls purchase order release strategy.
Sales and Distribution Authorization Objects
16. V_VBAK_VKO
Controls sales organization access.
Example:
VKORG = 2000
17. V_VBAK_AAT
Controls sales document type authorization.
18. V_VBAK_AUF
Controls sales order authorization.
19. V_KNA1_VKO
Controls customer master access by sales organization.
20. V_LIKP_VST
Controls shipping point authorization.
Controlling Authorization Objects
21. K_CCA
Controls cost center authorization.
Example:
KOSTL = 5000
22. K_ORDER
Controls internal order authorization.
23. K_PCA
Controls profit center authorization.
Basis and Security Authorization Objects
24. S_TCODE
Controls transaction access.
Example:
TCD = SU01
25. S_USER_GRP
Controls user administration by user group.
26. S_USER_AGR
Controls role maintenance authorization.
27. S_USER_PRO
Controls profile assignment authorization.
28. S_USER_TCD
Controls transaction assignment to roles.
29. S_USER_AUT
Controls authorization profile management.
System Administration Authorization Objects
30. S_RFC
Controls remote function call access.
Example:
RFC_NAME = RFC_READ_TABLE
31. S_TABU_DIS
Controls table access by authorization group.
32. S_TABU_NAM
Controls table access by table name.
33. S_PROGRAM
Controls program execution.
34. S_BTCH_JOB
Controls background job processing.
35. S_BTCH_NAM
Controls job ownership authorization.
36. S_TRANSPRT
Controls transport request authorization.
37. S_DATASET
Controls file access on application server.
38. S_SERVICE
Controls web service access.
39. S_DEVELOP
Controls development object access.
Example:
ACTVT = 02
Allows program modification.
40. S_SPO_ACT
Controls spool request authorization.
How Security Consultants Use Authorization Objects
SAP Security consultants typically work with these objects during:
Role design
Roles created in PFCG contain authorization objects controlling user access.
Troubleshooting
Errors are analyzed using SU53 to identify missing authorizations.
Risk analysis
Access conflicts are detected using SAP Governance, Risk, and Compliance.
Real Project Example
User receives error while posting financial document in FB50.
SU53 shows:
Authorization Object: F_BKPF_BUK
BUKRS = 2000
ACTVT = 01
Resolution:
Update role authorization in PFCG and add company code 2000.
Conclusion
Understanding authorization objects is essential for SAP Security consultants working with SAP environments. These objects control business activities, enforce security policies, and prevent unauthorized access.
By mastering these 40 critical authorization objects, consultants can efficiently design secure roles, troubleshoot authorization errors, and maintain compliance in SAP systems.
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